Extensive simulations (not shown for space limitations) indicate that the floor of the SAGE estimator becomes smaller and smaller as the difference between the powers of the first and second path increases.
In Figure21, the mean transmitted power along the second and third paths have been set to −20 dB, while that on the fourth path has been progressively increased.
Consequently, this principle also provides the second and third paths and the entire hierarchy of structural causes successively triggering the investigated endpoint effect with the observed actions.
In Figure15, we have fixed a very small power in the second and third paths (−20 dB, with respect to the first path), while the power on the fourth path has been progressively increased by steps of 2 dB.
As expected, the situation is more critical in the presence of multipaths: Figure17 shows the average BER, for the APSK and QAM systems, by considering, for the first path, the same Rice fading as in Figure16, but with the addition of the second and third paths, for which | α ~ i ( t, τ ) |, i = 1,2, has a Rayleigh distribution.
Since path 2 and path 3 both contain 3 links before the schedule, (textbf {P}_{muh}^{1}) contains 2 paths: the second and third path.
The probability that the paths q1 and q2 are the first and second detectable paths can be obtained as {P}_i^{q_1{q}_2}={p}_i^{q_1}+{p}_i^{q_1}+{p(24).
The first and second detectable paths are utilized in the proposed localization method.
When the underwater signal channel is stable, the first and second detectable paths are stable too.
