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The mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of AfB1 are related to the formation of its reactive exo-8,9-epoxide metabolite, which gets firmly bound with DNA.
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The sensitivity of our tracking methodology to detachment from actin in three dimensions, however, shows that myosin remains firmly bound to actin with both heads during the mechanochemical cycle irrespective of whether the head is leading or trailing, except when the head takes a 74 nm step.
50% and 75% of chromium accumulated in the cells during treatments with Cr VI) and Cr III) respectively remains firmly bound to the cells, even when they are incubated for up to 48 h in normal growth medium.
In our previous work we found the extended/closed form of LFA-1 to be distributed chiefly at the leading edge of migrating T cells where there is dynamic adhesion turnover, whereas the extended/open form localized further back with highest concentration in the more firmly bound lamellar region (Evans et al., 2011; Smith et al., 2005; Stanley et al., 2008).
Zn concentrations in the bone samples were the same in both groups of patients with OA and KI, probably because Zn is firmly bound to bone and is not easily released in the case of a negative Zn balance.
TPT is firmly bound to DNA during all the simulation by means of stacking interactions with −1/+1 DNA base pairs and by direct and water mediated hydrogen bonds with the protein.
Several protein hits for polysaccharidases were found in our proteomic study with low significance, which may be justified by enzymes that were insoluble and/or remained firmly bound to lignocellulose or the unavailability of a representative genome, coupled by dealing with a microenvironment where proteins may be under-represented [ 49].
Western Europe evolved from a "Community" to a "Union", and its states became less firmly bound to American protection.
However, other molecules of Rpa remain firmly bound to the other strand to protect it from Dna2.
When cumulus-free oocytes were introduced to sperm suspensions in medium T6, copious numbers of spermatozoa from heterozygous or WT males associated with the surface of zona pellucida, and a large proportion of them appeared to be firmly bound after removal of loosely attached sperm by washing through a wide-bore pipette (Fig. 5 A ).
In addition, it was shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that calculus (firmly bound to hard dental tissue) could develop on dentin specimens subjected to an in situ carious attack with a daily application of a 50% sucrose solution in individuals living in a water-fluoridated area for periods of four weeks.
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