Some examples are innovations among collaborating firms, complementarity of skills within social contacts, the provision of an open source product (e.g., software) or information in the Internet (e.g., websites or blogs).
Such architectural advantage comes about when firms can enhance both complementarity and mobility in parts of the value chain where they are not active.
The results demonstrate that the endogenous dynamics of the region establish a cycle of growth in which the incidence of specialization, human capital, economies of agglomeration and complementarity between firms and industries determine the competitiveness of the region and the city, and the emergence of a creative architectural cluster in Toronto.
Also, a higher degree of complementarity between the firms' services should lead to the regulators being more concerned about whether the firms compete in quantity or prices.
Second, by gradually excluding the firms with the lowest energy cost shares from the energy-intensive subset, we are able to show that the higher the mean energy cost share of the remaining firms is, the stronger the complementarity between energy and capital becomes.
This view offers an interesting perspective from which to study the role of resources in the M&A and specifically the PMI process from the front-end assessment of resource complementarity between merging firms to back-end considerations of resource redeployment between them.
By gradually excluding the least energy-intensive firms, we furthermore show that the complementarity result strengthens as the mean energy intensity of the remaining firms increases.
We exploit these complementarities to solve the firm's problem and estimate the model.
As shown in the "Sensitivity of the results" section, this adjustment process will be more pronounced, the higher the energy intensity of firms and thus the stronger the complementarity between energy and capital inputs19.
The Resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, and in particular, the concept of complementarity is used as a theoretical lens to achieve the purpose of the study.
