Finally, we advance understanding of the characteristics explaining the differential impact of R&D subsidies on external collaboration breadth by utilising the organisational learning literature to demonstrate the important role of firm collaboration experience.
This allows us to study the determinants of firm collaboration with PROs in terms of both the propensity of a firm to undertake R&D projects with a university (do they cooperate or not) and the extent of this collaboration (number of R&D projects).
1– 3 Consequently, to effectively tackle the disease, a firm collaboration of medical and health systems research at all levels is required.
Several implications and guidance can be drawn from this study (e.g. need of a greater number of inter-firm collaborations, joint development initiatives including also foreign supplier firms, international oil companies and learning institutions).
In contrast, we found that firms' collaborations with "Star scientists" exert little impact on their innovative output.
This example has been selected because joint ventures are very prominent for inter-firm collaboration.
Understanding inter-firm collaboration as a meta-organization is not the first attempt to elaborate on the determination of the boundaries of the firm.
This ecosystem level analysis is important, because a digital entrepreneurship ecosystem is conducive to digital innovation exploitation by aggregating various resources and facilitating inter-firm collaboration.
These R&D partnerships are examples of inter-firm collaboration or strategic partnering, a topic that has recently attracted attention in both the academic literature and the popular press.
Organizational research has taken the network perspective in order to understand an array of outcomes such as individual, group, and organizational performance, power, turnover, job satisfaction, promotion, stakeholder relations, innovation, leadership, creativity, inter-firm collaboration, unethical behavior, and so on (Borgatti and Foster 2003; Brass et al. 2004; Kilduff and Brass 2010).
