Sentence examples for firm causal from inspiring English sources

The problem, he says, is that microbiologists have been very good at discovering gut bacteria and identifying what roles they might play, but they have been slow to develop mechanisms to establish firm causal links and practical applications.

This is a tenuous experimental setup in the first place and one that fails to account for any number of other factors, so to draw firm causal conclusions – never mind extrapolate (as the authors did at the time) that it is "reasonable to assume that our lab results will generalise to the 'real world'" – is fanciful.

The author picks his way through religious texts, history and modern commercial practice to argue that there is no reason to draw a firm causal connection between any faith and economic progress.Mr Beattie, the world-trade editor of the Financial Times, writes with passion and a keen wit.

These inputs can have a firm causal influence on the outcome even when the extent of that influence is unknown.

However, because study designs most often used in the conduct of effectiveness research limit the ability to establish firm causal links between medical care and outcomes, it is important to address key methodologic features to generate sound, useable findings.

We could not draw a firm causal inference from an observational study.

Evaluation efforts for complex interventions are unlikely to establish firm linear causal relationships.

53 The cross-sectional nature of the data limits our ability to draw firm and causal inferences on the association between economic growth (country's GDP) and research productivity.

Such designs are helpful, but do not allow for firm conclusions regarding causal relationships between variables.

Firm conclusions on causal inference cannot be reached until more definitive studies have been conducted.

Firm conclusions about causal connections are difficult without randomly controlled experiments.