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Reconciling apparently contradictory findings, hippocampal neurons are found to code for both place and events, one by changes in firing location and the other by firing rate.
Changes in both firing location and rates in the place field (global remapping) occurred between the different journeys.
On the basis of spike shape, firing rate, and firing location, complex-spike cells with 1 or 2 firing fields were separated.
Complex spike cells with one or two firing fields were separated on the basis of spike shape, firing rate, and firing location.
The precise lap-by-lap fluctuations in the firing rate and firing location of V1 cells are correlated with those of CA1 cells with overlapping firing fields.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00321.014 To summarize, although the same prominent environmental features were encountered in the same locations, the spatial representation of the hippocampal CA1 at various points in the maze were dissimilar in both firing location and rate among different journeys, irrespective of either visually or mnemonically guided demands, in a global remapping manner.
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Place cell firing patterns are environment-specific and have distinct firing patterns in different environments, changing their firing rates and firing locations relative to environmental features and each other, a process known as 'remapping' [12 14].
We observed that the firing rates and firing locations of such V1 and CA1 cells fluctuated from lap to lap within their respective firing fields, and interestingly, they often fluctuated together in a correlated fashion.
Third, the lap-to-lap fluctuations in the firing rates and firing locations of individual V1 cells within their firing fields are significantly correlated with those of CA1 place cells with overlapping place fields.
For example, changing the proximal or distal visual cues alters firing rates and/or firing locations of place cells in a one- or two-dimensional space (Lee et al., 2004a, 2004b; Leutgeb et al., 2005), and the rotation of a salient cue card on the wall of a symmetric open arena evokes an equivalent rotation of place field locations (Muller and Kubie, 1987).
The speed-ΔCOM distribution was slightly but significantly skewed toward a positive mean for V1 (0.029 ± 0.011, p = 0.014), but not for CA1 cells (0.010 ± 0.008, p = 0.18), suggesting that, as speed increased, V1 cells' firing locations tended to move slightly forward along the animal's movement direction.
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