A lag effect was observed in response to fire; differences were not observed in 2009, but were detected in 2016 after multiple fire cycles had occurred.
Accounting for disturbance processes such as forest fires, differences in vegetation carbon between forested and deforested sites in this study area are estimated to vary between 30 to 75 Mg C ha−1 over time.
This suggests that firing rate differences between reward and punishment trials reflected the value, not the salience, of those stimuli.
Thus, the lack of interneuron engagement during Incorrect Trials Only is not due to firing rate differences between correct and incorrect trial types.
In both models (1) and (2), the firing rate differences occur despite the rats starting to wait (i.e. leaving the food magazine to engage in 'scanning behaviour') at a similar time to trials ending in correct responses.
However, averaged across the population, firing rate differences did not replicate the plateaus shown in the behavior for morph levels close to the Eff or Ineff images (Fig. 3 a ).
Instead, average firing rate differences decreased smoothly, almost linearly, with decreasing distance along the morph continuum, throughout the response to the sample stimulus (morph level main factor, 50 550 ms (P < 0.02), nonparametric 2-way ANOVA (Friedman test)).
This has been attributed to a reduction in presynaptic release of glutamate in vivo, which may result from lower extracellular Ca2+ concentrations (Borst, 2010, Crochet et al., 2005), higher in vivo firing rates, differences in preparation (e.g., age, temperature), or active suppression of release through GABAB and other metabotropic receptors (Urban-Ciecko et al., 2015).
The relationship of the actual firing rate difference (black) to the distribution of differences encountered in the surrogate datasets (gray) is determined.
Our study highlights the strong and rapid fungal fire responses and differences among fires of different intensities.
