The firing, 1,800 miles from Mars, reduced the orbiter's speed to about 8,800 miles per hour, from 11,000 m.p.h.
TD RL models have been able to provide strong explanations for many neurophysiological observations, such as qualitative changes in dopamine firing [1], [5], including changes at first thought not to reflect prediction error (e.g. generalization and exploration [15]).
At the neural level, this could be exploited by using efficient sensory coding strategies leading to a reduction in metabolically expensive neural firing [1], while simultaneously enhancing discrimination [2], [3].
The voltage-dependent M-type potassium current (M-current) is a subthreshold, slowly activating and noninactivating voltage-gated potassium current that is thought to stabilize membrane potential and control neuronal excitability by limiting repetitive firing [1] [4].
It was shown that the collective activity of neuronal networks is marked by bursts of intense firing (several hundreds of milliseconds), separated by longer periods (several seconds) of only sporadic firing [1], [2].
These channels are precisely targeted along axons, allowing for their differential regulation of action potential initiation, waveform, uni-directional propagation and repetitive firing [1] [5], and neurotransmitter release [6], [7].
We classified cells based on their response to the first stimulation pulse into four categories (Fig. 4): Cells that did not reach firing threshold (n = 4), sparse firing (1 30 APs; n = 5), train firing (>30 APs, n = 6), and cells entering depolarization block (n = 7).
Most DA neurons are spontaneously active with firing patterns that range from regular tonic firing (1 5 Hz) to phasic firing (40 50 Hz) (Robinson et al., 2004; Grace and Bunney, 1984a; Grace and Bunney, 1984b).
For each run session and for each direction of movement, place cells were ordered according to the location of their peak firing (>1 Hz) on the corresponding track/arm, resulting in two place cell sequence templates for each condition and session, one for each direction (Dragoi and Tonegawa, 2011).
"Kinetics of baroreflex afferent firing" MC3.
