In Indonesia, El Niño-related drought hit crops and uncontrolledrought impacted thitenvironment.
The head fire goes forward by jumps, especially for small values of the fire impact length.
We concluded that acid and alkaline phosphatase activities can efficiently represent the degree of fire impact on soil even one year after fire.
For homogeneous systems, the effect of firebrands on spread rate and burned area is strengthened when the fire impact length decreases and the characteristic spotting distance increases.
232 17.475 30.2 L larch stands (85%100%% larch trees), LI larch stand with dominantly small diameters, LII larch stand with relatively medium diameters, LIII larch stand with relatively large diameters, fire signs of fire impact, logg.
To study fire impact in relation to fire intensity and post-fire soil exposure, a 9-ha Portuguese shrubland catchment was burned by experimental fire in the 2008/9 winter season.
Fire impact over forest-steppe ecotone communities is one of the most important top down factor driving major increases on PFTs redundancy and heliophilous plants species abundance.
Ash, water repellency and macropore flow are key characteristics of burned forest soils in general, and the proposed model may therefore be a useful tool for characterizing fire impact and recovery in other systems.
It is found that, even for a density smaller than the percolation threshold, the fuelbreak is efficient when its width is large compared with the fire impact characteristic length.
Soil solutions from three different soil horizons (O, Ah, Bw), and throughfall (TF) were analyzed using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, allowing us to track the initial fire impact on OM vertically through the soil profile and 70 days after the fire.
