Studies reporting lifetime medical and productivity costs range from $48 to $175 billion (Corso et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2014; Miller, 2012; Fowler et al., 2015; Allareddy et al., 2012), with differences based on the source of firearm incidence data, types of firearm injuries included, sources of cost estimates, and types of costs included in the estimate.
To evaluate the associations of state laws restricting firearms and incidence rates of suicide in men and women using a cross-sectional design.
Public-health officials like Hemenway can point to a mountain of research going back 40 years that shows that the incidence of firearm suicide runs in close parallel with the prevalence of firearms in a community.
The more than three-times-greater prevalence of firearms in the "high gun" states, however, translated into a more than three-times-greater incidence of firearm suicides, which in turn translated into an annual suicide rate nearly double that of the "low gun" states.
We did not find that firearm recovery reduced the incidence of violent criminal activity, arguably the goal of the initiative.
For years, Britain has been keen to compare its relatively modest record of gun crime with the much higher incidence of firearms killings in United States; official figures show that guns are used in about 21,000 crimes a year here, and that, in recent years, killings with firearms each year have rarely reached 100, and often fewer than 50.
Among the 361 respondents who were linked to firearms and whose orders had been served, those from whom firearms were recovered had a lower incidence of arrest than others did, for all offenses combined and for those not involving firearms or violence (Table 2).
The relationship is not always clear, but there does appear to be a higher incidence of gun violence and firearm death in states with more relaxed restrictions on gun ownership.
The incidence of homicides committed with a firearm in the U.S. is greater than other developed countries.
Among all respondents with an incident arrest, there was no difference in the incidence of multiple arrests between those who were linked to firearms and others (53.7 % and 56.9 %, respectively, p = 0.55).
In adjusted analyses, household firearm prevalence is significantly associated with overall suicide rates (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRRa) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.38) and firearm suicides rates (IRRa = 1.61, CI: 1.45, 1.80), but not with non-firearm suicide rates (IRRa = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.16).
