In Hammonton, a hundred pallets of blueberries, about 50,000 pounds, is barely a few hours' work for Dennis Doyle's team of roughly 1,000 pickers, who move down the rows with quick-fire efficiency, nudging each berry off the bush into a can or bucket, to be consolidated in sturdy yellow plastic lugs.
Nowadays, the combustion technology must adopt the environment NOx emissions regulations while achieving maximum firing efficiency and performance.
Replication efficiencies differ from origin to origin, depending on the origin's firing efficiency.
However, the replication and/or firing efficiency of the individual origins on the genomic scale remain unclear.
The firing efficiency at various origins is estimated based on the fold-enrichment of HU-induced ssDNA.
The replication efficiency ηr of the loci at or near the origin sites is the maximal estimate of the firing efficiency ηf of the origins.
Given that firing efficiency at origins in general is low in S. pombe [9], it is possible that those overlapping origins represent a subset of inefficient origins.
Estimation of firing efficiency by the fold-enrichment of ssDNA has been further extended to the whole genome [21], although a small number of late-firing origins have been found to exhibit a high magnitude of ssDNA formation [6], [19].
Origins whose firing efficiency ηf was greater than the median ηf-median of 0.316 (0.1 min−1) were designated as efficient origins (the ηf-median is different from the ηr-median) (Table 1).
Opposed to well-defined, site-specific, and efficient (∼90%) origins in budding yeast, origins of replication in S. pombe appear to be located preferentially at A+T-rich regions in the genome with an average firing efficiency of ∼30% [9], [27], [29].
As expected, the firing efficiency of the wild type-unique origins appeared to be higher than that of overlapping ones (p-value ∼7.3×10−3), consistent with the notion that Cds1p checkpoint function is essential for restoring stalled forks induced by HU treatment (Figure 8E).
