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Initial concentration is achieved by fire assay.
Arc spectroscopy is sometimes employed directly on the bead obtained from fire assay.
Fire assay is considered the most reliable method for accurately determining the content of gold, silver, and platinum-group metals (except osmium and ruthenium) in ores or concentrates.
Sixteen laboratories participated using instrumental neutron activation analysis (197Au(n,γ 198Au), fire assay and ICP-OES.
This is particularly difficult due to the amount of materials handling in conjunction with the high temperatures associated with the fire assay.
The pyrometallurgical fire assay still remains the only widely accepted technique to concentrate platinum group elements (PGE) and gold from low grade ores and metallurgical intermediates.
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The fire assaying techniques described above for gold are equally applicable to silver.
Moreover, the traditional cupellation step of fire assaying had to be eliminated.
A process routinely employed in the fire assaying of gold ores is the addition of silver prior to fusion of the ore in order to ensure that the silver content of the final bead is high enough to dissolve.
In order to evaluate its geographic extent, fire-assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FA and ICP-MS) elemental analyses were performed on 11 widely separated archaeological bulk sedimentary sequences.
First, all individuals included in cnidocyte firing assays conducted in the presence of the drug were responsive to mechanical stimuli and appeared otherwise normal following experiments (n = 90).
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