In contrast to cells, cytokines like interleukin-2 are represented in terms of concentrations and their dynamics described by a parabolic partial differential equation plus a degradation term accounting for the finite half-life [ 5, 14].
The first focus of this paper is the characterization of the set of eigenvalues E, specifically we shall establish criteria for E to contain an interval, for E to be an interval, and for E to be an open finite or half-closed finite or infinite interval.
We address the problem of parity mixing, where the projection of a variable expressed as a finite series of half-period cosine (sine) functions onto a half-period sine (cosine) function basis is not finite.
Since our calculations extend only down to 10 nm electrode gap size, we can approximate the 1/ dependencendence to an intermediate regime affected by the entire structure including its opening half angle, finite size, and finite tip radius of curvature.
It is beautifully designed and deliberately finite; even played half-heartedly, it can be more or less wrapped up within an hour.
Exact integrodifferential boundary conditions for finite chains and half-spaces are obtained by means of Green's functions for initial value problems.
The simulations considered a finite population of 1800 individuals (half males, half females) subdivided into of n d demes of N individuals each.
Let D = D + ∪ D − ∪ I be a domain of the complex plane z = x + i y, where D + is a half-plane y > 0, D − is a finite domain of the half-plane y < 0, bounded by characteristics AC and BC of the equation ( sign y ) | y | m u x x + u y y + α 0 | y | 1 − m 2 u x + β 0 y u y = 0, (1).
Surrogate models for equivalent stress intensity factors are then used for uncertainty propagation, which are built upon high fidelity finite element modeling with half-penny-shaped surface cracks.
The comparison of the two sets of solutions (finite-thickness layer and half space schemes) with experimental data can help to decide when the depth of a layer can be assumed as infinite.
LDNe produced finite estimates in less than half the samples.
