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The main limitation of the solution is that the UE requires a finer synchronization with the DL signal.
Different from the UHF signaling, synchronization is achieved by means of an UWB preamble-like signal, thus enabling a finer synchronization.
However, for the purpose of high accuracy positioning and navigation, an even finer synchronization is required.
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Sporadic traffic-generating devices (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) devices in 5G IoT) awake now and then, thus they should transmit their data immediately and only coarsely synchronized, conversely to the fine synchronization procedure of LTE-A PHY layer random access [22].
Finally, the proposed fine synchronization algorithm is introduced in detail.
In the second step, the proposed algorithm is used to achieve the adaptive fine synchronization.
An adaptive algorithm of fine synchronization for intermediate frequency architecture coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) transmission system is proposed.
The simulation experiment result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieves fine synchronization under different signal noise ratio (SNR) conditions after 6 fiber-spans transmission.
The merit of the proposed algorithm is that it can realize fine synchronization under different environments without adjusting the detect-threshold of timing metric in a dynamically reconfiguration network.
Figure 9 Actual sampled phase reference symbol after fine synchronization.
Moreover, for fine synchronization of the terrestrial nodes with the time reference, is negligible compared to the satellite propagation delay.
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