The inocula were air-dried and sieved (2 mm), and each consisted of a mixture of rhizospheric soil containing fine root fragments, hyphae and spores (54 and 68 spores/g air-dried soil for BEG 141 and BEG 167, respectively).
Once penetration of the host has taken place, each prehaustorium disperses into a number of fine strands called "hyphae".
There were more nuclei per spore than were observed in 100 μm of either runner hyphae or fine branchings, a length of the same magnitude as the spore volume.
However, considering their small diameter, the number of nuclei per unit volume of mycelium was significantly higher in the runner hyphae and fine branchings compared with spores (Table 2).
A careful examination of spores, runner hyphae and fine branchings from five independent extraradical symbiotic mycelia of G. diaphanum has shown that the number of nuclei per mycelium biomass changed with the morphological structure.
AMF: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; 3D: three-dimensional; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; MTT: 3- 4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide); RH: runner hyphae; FB: fine branching; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DAOM: National Mycological Herbarium.
These fungi send out gossamer-fine fungal tubes called hyphae, which infiltrate the soil and weave into the tips of plant roots at a cellular level.
When spores germinate they form a network of ever-expanding hyphae, threads finer than a human hair, relentlessly digesting organic matter in their path.
1 Structures are spores, runner hyphae (RH) and fine branching (FB). 2 Diameter (all) and length (RH, FB) or the structure portion used to count the nuclei.
It is thus reasonable to suggest that the ratio of transcriptional activators and repressors is fine-tuning the expression of the hyphae specific genes.
