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where ε is the normalized fine frequency offset defined as a ratio between the fine frequency offset and the subcarrier spacing (i.e. (|varepsilon |leq frac 12)).
The medium and fine frequency tracking steps complete the Doppler tracking process.
After the fine frequency offset has been corrected, the channel estimation can readily be performed.
Fine frequency synchronization (FFS) and fine time synchronization (FTS) employ the ACF of the LTF.
The fine frequency offset normalized to subcarrier spacing Δf = 1/T is denoted as δ.
Following the fine frequency tracking, the time delay and Doppler of D t) are known.
Similar(24)
In this approach, the frequency-offset estimation is generally performed in two steps: coarse frequency-offset estimation, which estimates the partial frequency offset that is a multiple of the subcarrier spacing and fine frequency-offset estimation, which estimates the remaining part of the offset.
This gives 12 sub-bands with finer frequency resolution than the Mel sub-bands.
With tending to be 0, the Morlet wavelet becomes a cosine function with the finest frequency resolution.
As shown in Fig. 2b, a 2-band MWPT offers a finer frequency domain partition than a 2-band MWT, especially in the high-frequency domain.
The tree in Fig. 4d selects the subset with the parameter set {0 ≤ l < M k − 1, k = 3} and corresponds to a kind of multiwavelet decomposition scheme that presents the finest frequency domain partition.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com