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The inter-sensor phase-factors {q1, q2} can offer the fine estimates for the direction-cosines.
Also the two fine estimates of direction-cosines are both obtained from the inter-triad phase factors of the "vector-cross-product" results.
Unlike the sparse array investigated before, the aperture extension and fine estimates of DOA are implemented by only one dipole-triad, one loop-triad and one single dipole/loop/scalar-sensor. Therefore, the mutual coupling across the sensors is reduced and additionally the hardware cost is decreased.
In order to get the fine and unambiguous estimates of the direction-cosines, the coarse estimates obtained in Section 1 will be used as the reference to disambiguate the fine estimates derived in Section 2. This disambiguation approach has been derived by Zoltowski and Wong [10], and has also been used in the other literature, i.e. [11, 45].
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The investigated algorithm based on this configuration adopts the "vector-cross-product" DOA estimator to provide the coarse estimate and then derives the fine estimate by extracting the inter-sensor phase factors in the sparse array.
Had his case gone to a jury, Mr. Grimaldi could have faced up to 23 years in prison and a fine estimated by the government at more than $1 million, but his cooperation, like Mr. Pinto's, helped reduce his sentence.
"It's hard to predict positive gains for most categories of media," Ms. Fine said, "so you look at your forecasts and say, 'Why would you think there would be gains this year Last yearyear, Ms. Fine estimated that ad spending growth in the United States in 2001 would be 4percentto4.5percentcent.
The fine estimate of the transmitter IQ imbalance is the estimate obtained from the last iteration.
A fine estimate of the head pose angle is necessary and useful for several face analysis applications.
After performing a sufficient number of iterations, the fine estimate of receiver IQ imbalance can be derived from as (34).
However, the algorithm investigated in [45] can only offer one fine estimate of the direction-cosine, and this is not sufficient for the 2D direction finding.
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