The subjects Khaldūn considered in his work include historical method, geography, culture, economics, public finance, population, society and state, religion and politics, and the social context of knowledge.
In this Commission, we examine the BRP recommendations in greater detail and expand the discussion to include additional priority areas, including surgical oncology, radiation oncology, imaging, health systems and health disparities, regulation and financing, population science, and oncopolicy.
The general system of social and economic indicators is designed and established in the initial phase from a specific sub-sector approach and includes subtypes of indicators such as: national accounts and finance, population and social conditions, industry, trade and services, agriculture, forestry and fishing; international trade, transport, environment and energy, science and technology, etc.
But now, stochastic differential equations (SDEs) play a significant role in many departments of science and industry because of their application for modeling stochastic phenomena, e.g., finance, population dynamics, biology, medicine and mechanics.
In recent years, Lyapunov's second method has been a very important method to study the stability of a stochastic differential equation, which has attracted much attention since it is not only academically challenging, but also of practical importance, and has played an important role in many fields such as insurance, finance, population dynamic, control (see, e.g., Øsendal [1]).
This was a shift from supply-side financing (government budget based on hospital beds or number of existing staff) to demand-side financing (population size and number of cases) which means hospitals in the region with a higher population density got a chance to receive a higher amount of funding because they serve more people.
Despite some broad similarities, there are important differences between these two programs with regard to how each program is financed, the populations that are eligible for and receive services, and the types of services that each program covers.
The next major step in the evolution of medical benefits was for countries to make them available to the entire resident population, financed wholly by taxation or financed in part by social insurance contributions.
SUS is intended to provide healthcare free of charge to the whole Brazilian population, financed through direct and indirect sources such as tax revenues, social contributions, out-of-pocket spending, and employers' health-care spending [ 5].
