In finance, upgraded versions of heteroscedasticity models use multi-scaling, i.e., it is assumed that the price will evolve by modulating the volatility according to the volatility over different scales (days, weeks, months, years, etc).
Several years ago, the city of Berkeley, Calif., hit on the idea of using that approach to finance energy upgrades on private homes.
A few shareholders at Gap's annual meeting this week questioned the company's refusal to sign on to a plan that commits retailers to help finance safety upgrades in Bangladesh, where 1,127 workers died when the Rana Plaza factory building collapsed on April 24.
The municipality gave the necessary permissions for construction in December 1997, but required that the club finance the upgrades, which the club could not afford.
The European and North American groups agreed to streamline standards for inspector qualifications and monitoring requirements, but tensions between them remain high, with both parties disagreeing on how to finance safety upgrades.
UnitedGlobalCom needs Liberty's cash to help finance the upgrade of cable systems of its European unit, United Pan-Europe CommUnited Pan-Europe
And only the big groups have the means to finance the upgrading of cable lines, particularly in old systems such as Germany's.
