The core capacities include the national legislation, policy and financing, coordination and national focal point communication, surveillance, response, preparedness, risk communication, human resources, and laboratory.
For surveillance and response, the capacities are grouped under the following 8 main headings: National legislation, policy and financing Coordination and NFP communications Surveillance Response Preparedness Risk communication Human resources Laboratory A range of potential health hazards can fall under the IHR capacity requirements.
To set new policies for optimum use of these vaccines in different settings, participating entities including international agencies (e.g., World Health Organization [WHO]), domestic policymakers, financing coordination mechanisms (e.g., GAVI Alliance), and donors [ 1, 2] will need new information on which to base their decisions.
The focus on these 4 capacities should not imply that they are more important than other capacities (legislation, policy, and financing; coordination; advocacy and national focal point communications; preparedness; and risk communication) because implementation of IHR requires implementation of all 8 capacities.
"It takes a lot of planning and finance and coordination, and if you were one of those responsible for it, you wouldn't want to have any survivors around afterward".
In White and Keynes' time, I would argue that the way they thought about it, because of the reconstruction needs, was finance, some coordination, maybe thinking more on the IMF on stability issues And maybe knowledge as an afterthought.
As outlined by Rodrik (2007, pp. 117 118), government could implement a broad range of incentive programs, including subsidizing costs of "self discovery" of profitable new products, developing mechanisms for higher-risk finance, internalizing coordination externalities, public R&D, subsidizing general technical training, and taking advantage of national abroad.
Hollis and Pogge (25) argue that reforming the global system of finance and coordination of medical research would incentivize more equitable research and facilitate more equitable access to treatments.
Some of these mechanisms are discussed exhaustively in the report of the WHO Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development: Financing and Coordination [ 34, 35].> Four financing-related actions were suggested for the international community.
[ 55] Taking the example of the Global Fund, Ooms et al. argue that diagonal approaches to financing (aiming for disease-specific results through improved health systems) can be an intermediary step towards horizontal financing involving coordination and integration of disease-specific interventions into the broader health systems [ 14].
