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The group-concatenated amplitude envelopes were low pass filtered below 0.5 Hz to remove any higher frequency dynamics and an 8 state HMM was inferred from these filtered envelopes.
Correlation maps, mean life times, and fractional occupancy time window dependency for 8 state HMMs inferred from (A ) the original group-concatenated envelopes, (B ) these envelopes low pass filtered below 0.5 Hz and (C ) these low pass filtered envelopes with uncorrelated Gaussian noise added.
EEG data was high-pass filtered above 0.1 Hz and then low-pass filtered below 30 Hz (5th order two-pass Butterworth filters).
EEG was were then low-pass filtered below 20 Hz (5th order two-pass Butterworth filter), and a notch-filter at 50 Hz was also applied to reduce line noise.
(1) To assess the amplitude of TMS-evoked slow waves, single trials were low-pass filtered below 4 Hz (third-order Chebyshev filtering as in ref. 10), re-referenced to the mathematically linked mastoids, averaged and eventually rectified.
The data were bandpass filtered between 2 and 8 Hz, converted to envelope waveforms, low-pass filtered below 0.2 Hz, resampled at 2 sps, and then divided into half-overlapping 300 s time windows.
Similar(44)
The algorithm consisted of three steps: (1) low pass filtering below 2.8 kHz; (2) modulation of the signal by a cosine wave at 3 kHz; (3) low-pass filtering the modulated sound below 2.8 kHz, resulting in a "mirror image" of the original spectrum around 1.5 kHz.
Potential differences were amplified (50 000×) with an isolated instrumentation amplifier, band-pass-filtered below 100 Hz and above 8000 Hz and digitized at a rate of 40 000 samples per second.
Standard preprocessing of rsfMRI data included (1) discarding the first four volumes of each run to ascertain T1-equilibrium, (2) slice timing correction, (3) head motion correction with FSL, 29 (4) removal of constant offset and linear trend per run, (5) low-pass filtering below 0.08 Hz, (6) regressing out of six motion parameters, average signal of the whole brain, ventricles, and white matter.
Signal intensities for all ESTs on the array were then filtered (see below) and Quality control was performed with Expression Console™ 1.0.2467.39138 (Affymetrix) on RMA normalized data.
Although input data was not statistically filtered (see below), an arbitrary cut-off can be chosen by users to select relevant data whose statistical reliability can be experimentally controlled.
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