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In 2012, he ordered officials to set up the supreme council of virtual space, the body that sits at the top of a complex web of organisations that monitor and filter communications in the country.
The NSA is empowered to retain data for up to five years and the policy states "communications which may be retained include electronic communications acquired because of limitations on the NSA's ability to filter communications".
Alternatively, the NSA might feed bulk-collected foreign web traffic through a tool like XKeyscore, which allows the agency to filter communications using more abstract characteristics, or "soft selectors""such as language, location, or software configuration.
The documents note that the private data of Americans that the N.S.A. can hold on to "include electronic communications acquired because of limitations on NSA'S ability to filter communications".
The rules said that "the communications that may be retained" for up to five years "include electronic communications acquired because of the limitation on the N.S.A.'s ability to filter communications".
Among those critical of the French bill are internet service providers who in a column published on 9 April threatened to relocate outside of France because the bill would allow intelligence services to place "black boxes" on their infrastructure with algorithms to filter communications.
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Paracel's machines are designed to sift documents rapidly for particular words, phrases or strings of letters -- an ability of obvious use to those filtering communications for important nuggets.
Such programs monitor and filter Internet communications.
However, these circumstances do not apply to large-scale data where the NSA claims it is unable to filter US communications from non-US ones.
The report, based on documents provided by the fugitive N.S.A. contractor Edward J. Snowden to Glenn Greenwald, an American journalist living in Brazil, described how the N.S.A. used different computer programs to filter through communications and gain access to specific e-mails, telephone calls and text messages of Ms. Rousseff's top aides.
He uses firewall software, which monitors and filters Internet communications, to make sure that he is not inadvertently sending out personal information, and he is careful to remove evidence of his visits to Web sites.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com