Sentence examples for film surface due from inspiring English sources
The better electrocatalysis performance of the Pd-Ni-Mo film is attributed to its larger real surface as well as the enhanced electrochemical activity of the film surface due to the alloying effect.
The system is considered as a precursor state of pit initiation where a passive metal is immersed in an aqueous environment containing aggressive ions and local anodic sites arise on the passive film surface due to the existence of structural defects in the passive film.
Amplification of light at the film surface due to local electromagnetic field enhancement at the nanoscale is discussed based on finite difference time domain calculations.
They are typically caused by the lost of the emulsion of the film surface, due to contact with mechanical parts of film projector or other devices in the film development process.
Significant changes in the film surface morphologies due to the plasma implantation treatment were observed.
After high temperature sintering process, thin film surface coarsens due to formation of c-ZrO2 /m-ZrO2 phases with visible signs of grain pullout.
Indeed, during a swelling or drying experiment, the temperature of the film surface changes due to the latent heat of vaporization, which induces a variation of the activity.
The SEM analysis clearly revealed that the changes to the film surface were due to the enzyme but not the buffer.
Raman, x-ray photoelectron, and FT-IR spectroscopy proved that the effects of the HNO3 treatment were due to the removal of polymeric components and restricted to the film surface, and not due to the chemical doping of graphene.
We believe that the observed changes in advancing and receding work of adhesion and in the wetting hysteresis indicated by their difference reflect a lowering of the energy state of the film surface during drawing, due to increases in 'amorphous orientation' and the onset of crystallization.
The hybrid film surface becomes rougher due to large SnS2 aggregation (Figure 9c).
