Cigar, cylindrical roll of tobacco for smoking, consisting of cut tobacco filler formed in a binder leaf and with a wrapper leaf rolled spirally around the bunch.
It appeared that the inclusion of 0.5 wt% filler formed few circular areas with the uniformly distributed nanopores (Fig. 6e).
The filler forms aggregates together with polymer chains absorbed on the filler surface, which is termed as the "filler phase" in the proposed model.
From the percolation theory, a rapid increase in electrical conductivity occurs when the conductive fillers form a conductive path across the polymer matrix of a composite.
The enhanced k and σ values is attributed to the fact that the Cu deposits serve not only as interconnecting points but also as fillers, forming stereo conductive framework for thermal transport and electronic conduction.
Total amount of chains (hence, contact resistance between the particles and percolation characteristics) in the CM is affected mainly by the shape of filler (skeleton form of CNT and chain-like form of GNP).
The CNT/CCB combination significantly reduced the inter-particle gaps from ∼6 to ∼2 nm, giving very low percolation threshold concentration at which three-dimensional filler networks form.
The filler materials form the major component of the polymer concrete and the distribution of their particle size influences the properties of polymer concrete.
The skin and web were co-consolidated together with the filler to form a hybrid butt joint structure.
To eliminate long down-times and designed-in failure points, the pipeline industry started using epoxy grout with pea gravel filler to form a rapid-set deep pour compound.
