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The additives (RHA and CHA) can be said to have contributed to the strength development by acting as a microfiller and enhancer due to their increased reactivity and filler effect and have shown to be very effective additives to enhance the strength of tested shales.
It attributes to fast pozzolanic reaction at early age and filler effect of SF (Erdem and Kırca 2008).
Second factor that may be caused an increase in compressive strength is the filler effect of GWG microparticles grains.
The strength gain is possibly due to the filler effect and the additional CSH formation by pozzolanic activity.
Water absorption values tended to decrease as sand was replaced by ceramic tile wastes, due to the filler effect.
The compressive strength of the concrete blocks due to the filler effect decreased with increasing cement replacement.
Metakaolin improves the engineering properties of concrete because of its double effect on cementitious matrix (filler effect and pozzolanic properties).
A rigid filler effect and a crosslinking effect are proposed to explain the reinforcing mechanisms.
The filler effect of LS refines the microstructure and reduces the porosity of cement-based materials.
It is mainly due to the filler effect of the basalt powder.
CFBC ash still has the filler effect, the morphology effect and the chemical effect.
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