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First, we used a kfil_on value (6.9 × 10 M−1 s−1, purple line in Figure 3C) calculated from the experimentally determined filament off rate of budding yeast Arp2/3 complex (0.625 s−1) and the affinity of the bovine complex for filaments (Smith et al., 2013; Hetrick et al., 2013).
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Redox modifications at Cys 98 in the D/E helix were explored for clues to TnC binding to the thin filament off-state, using recombinant wild-type TnC and an engineered mutant without Cys (Cys98Leu).
We cannot rule out the possibility that changes in angle between the dsDNA and the RecA filament (off-axis motions) might affect the observed FRET changes.
We added the following sentence to the Discussion to acknowledge the possibility of 'off-axis motion': "We cannot rule out the possibility that changes in angle between the dsDNA and the RecA filament (off-axis motions) might affect the observed FRET changes.
First, the flagella filaments are harvested from bacterial cells in a saturated culture by shearing the filaments off from the cells using a vortex.
This one-off show takes in nearly every filament of her career, through to recent mid-tempo rock album I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss.
After adding 2 µM additional actin to these seeds and allowing polymerization to occur for 18 h, we detected growth of actin filaments off of the pointed ends of the seeds (Fig. 2d).
Note also frequent branching of bright filaments off dim filaments.
Arp2/3 complex is considered to amplify the generation of rapidly growing barbed ends by mediating the branching of daughter filaments off the barbed ends or sides of mother filaments.
Although we did observe filament rings pinch off from long filaments attached to the surface and rings merge with other filaments, we never observed linked rings.
We hypothesized that binding of ser-phosphorylated HSP20 to the thin filament may "turn off" thin filaments so that phosphorylated myosin does not interact with the thin filament (i.e. a model similar to skeletal muscle troponin I).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com