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Likewise, fighter mortality was the lowest at the highest density.
Indeed, when there was only one fighter in a colony, fighter mortality was very low and similar to that of females (Table 1; Table S1, small colonies).
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It constitutes the largest cohort study of fire fighters' mortality in a European country.
Mortality of fire fighters was compared to mortality of the Hamburg and German male population by means of standardized mortality ratios.
This situation was not found in larger colonies, in which there was a larger number of competitors and fighters suffered relatively higher mortality.
This paper reports on the first cohort study undertaken in Germany to examine the mortality of fire fighters with its typical, quasi lifelong employment of professional fire fighters.
In summary, we could confirm in our German study the results of previous studies of a lower-than-normal mortality of fire fighters.
This study reports the findings of a retrospective cohort study on the mortality of fire fighters of the Fire Department of the City of Hamburg, Germany.
The lower mortality of fire fighters in comparison to the general population is probably influenced by the healthy worker effect in several aspects.
Other specific causes of deaths with higher than normal mortality in fire fighters are reported such as certain kinds of brain or colon cancer, leukemia, kidney and urethra cancer, prostate and bladder cancer [ 9- 12].
In S. berlesei, sensitivity to chemical cues that are correlated with population size has been demonstrated to be adaptive: in large, dense colonies, fighters suffered high combat-related mortality, whereas scramblers were involved in fights less often, survived better, and achieved higher reproductive success (Radwan 1993).
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