But even the new leaders acknowledge the impact of the fierce resentment of Communism.
And Western efforts to lift women's legal status provoked fierce resentment from powerful religious figures and many ordinary Afghans.
Serbia does not recognize Kosovo, which declared independence from Serbia in 2008, stoking fierce resentment among Serbs, who regard Kosovo as their medieval heartland.
Other countries that have submitted claims to the ocean floors around remote overseas dependencies have run into fierce resentment from neighbouring nations.
There is fierce resentment that, as staff grapple with the changes and put in extra hours, ministers describe them as "enemies of promise".
As well as sowing the seeds for greater consumption, the huge new supply of apartments should deflate bubbly property prices and so ease a source of fierce resentment among ordinary Chinese.
But politics here remain extremely murky at best, and most of the population still shares a fierce resentment of the American presence and a deep mistrust of the Shiite-dominated government.
A fierce resentment about a legacy of Western intervention, fed by historical memories of colonialism and present-day anger at the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, has given way to a belief that the Libyan rebels desperately needed help that only the West could fully provide.
"When a complete stranger comes barging in between the child and the child's parent, this is calculated to stir up fierce resentment and hostility...
Those in the lifeboats were horrified to hear the sound of what Lawrence Beesley called "every possible emotion of human fear, despair, agony, fierce resentment and blind anger mingled – I am certain of those – with notes of infinite surprise, as though each one were saying, 'How is it possible that this awful thing is happening to me?
