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Reasons for this discrepancy include the fact that the single cardiomyocytes were (a) only exposed to β-adrenergic stimulation and an elevated [Ca2+]i for ~5.0 min and (b) field stimulated (paced) and therefore not affected by the changes in heart rate which accompany an in vivo response.
Cells were field stimulated with 2 ms duration voltage pulses delivered through parallel platinum wires (stimulation voltage set to 1.5 times the threshold).
Cells were field stimulated at 2.0 Hz to obtain a sufficient length of time between stimulations in which to characterise diastolic release events during an elevated [Ca2+]o and β-adrenergic stimulation.
These sheets had a significantly increased magnitude of electrical field stimulated relaxation, sensitive maximally to nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
A novel platform that combines intracellular and extracellular GNPs as nano-manipulators was designed to trigger neurogenic/cardiomyogenic differentiation in hMSCs, in electric field stimulated culture condition.
Amplitude of the intracellular Ca2+ transient and cell shortening was significantly increased by SEA0400 in both field stimulated and voltage clamped myocytes, without significant elevation of diastolic Ca2+ level and the decay time constant of the Ca2+ transient.
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Effects of VAMP3 knockdown on electric-field stimulated GLUT4myc and CD36 translocation As mentioned above, oligomycin was used to increase the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio and activate AMPK signalling.
To test whether prolonged unloading of the left ventricle altered the Ca2+ transient, we field-stimulated isolated cells loaded with fluo-4 AM.
Cardiomyocytes were electrically field-stimulated with bipolar pulses of 5 ms duration at 1 Hz.
To mimic the ventricular tachycardia, the ventricular muscles were field-stimulated in non-flowing Krebs solution which elicited abnormal Ca2+ transients.
Field-stimulated wild-type cardiomyocytes exhibited 12.3% shortening (n = 5 mice) that increased ∼1.7-fold to 20% in the presence of 100 µM ouabain (a saturating concentration) (Figure 2A, p<0.01).
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