Consequently, the decrease in genetic diversity observed between the field and laboratory populations is likely to reflect colonization rather than demographic peculiarities between their respective field populations of origin.
They are exposed to electromagnetic field of natural origin, like the magnetic force of Earth and artificial origins, which results from human activities.
At the same time, strength of a global intrinsic magnetic field of core origin was found to be smaller than about 5 nT at the surface of Mars.
The influence of quasi-static electric field of seismic origin on the characteristics of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth's ionosphere is considered.
It is a good possibility of prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin resulting in uplifting of the F region.
The unusual uplifting of the F-region during PRE was possibly associated with prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin.
During the fast decrease of Dst (between 10 00 and 11 00 UT) on 24 August, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin that result in abrupt increase (∼12 00 UT) in foF2 at PAL, SJC (Brazil) and OKI (Japan) and in VTEC at IMPZ, BOMJ, PARA and SMAR (Brazil).
During the fast decrease of Dst on 06 April, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin resulting in decrease of VTEC at IMPZ, an equatorial station and large increase in VTEC at POAL, a low latitude station.
During the fast decrease of Dst (about ∼54 nT/h between 23:00 and 01 00 UT) on the night of 24 25 October (main phase), there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin resulting an unusual uplifting of the F region at equatorial stations.
Due to the lack of a main magnetic field of internal origin, Mars does not have a magnetospheric shield.
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is an internationally agreed global spherical harmonic model of the Earth's magnetic field of internal origin.
