For the follow-up exam, ophthalmological tests included visual acuity, Amsler test, multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG, RETIscan, Roland Consult), 30° visual field (Octopus 900 or Octopus 101, Haag-Streit International), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph II, Heidelberg Engineering), funduscopy and fundus photography (Zeiss Camera).
In full visual fields using Octopus perimetry, we found that the area of visual field obtained with the 5°/sec speed did not differ significantly to the 3 and 10°/sec speeds whereas there was a significant difference between the 3 and 10°/sec speeds and particularly for the blind spot and central I2e isopter areas.
Indeed, the ability of octopuses to recognise conspecifics is suggested by a number of clues emerging from both laboratory studies (where they appear to form and maintain dominance hierarchies) and field observations (octopuses of neighbouring dens display little agonism between each other).
On the basis of our results, the recommendation for clinical assessment of visual fields using Octopus semiautomated perimetry includes 5°/sec speed for peripheral and central isopters but with 3°/sec speed for mapping the blindspot area using the I4e target.
Comparison of test duration and type of visual field classification for Octopus versus Goldmann perimetry.
To determine diagnostic accuracy of kinetic visual field assessment by Octopus 900 perimetry compared with Goldmann perimetry.
In three results, the Octopus field was classed as normal when the Goldmann results showed a mild superior defect.
Comparison of areas of visual field obtained for Octopus perimetry with stimulus test speeds of 3, 5, and 10°/sec was undertaken using ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.
1% Tropicamide, [7] posterior segment examination with optical coherence tomography (sOCT, Copernicus, Optopol, Zawiercie, Poland) [8] automated visual field examination using the Octopus 101 perimeter (Interzeag/Haag-Streit, Koeniz-Bern, Switzerland) were performed with dynamic test strategy (threshold algorithm, program G1).
Area of visual field has been compared for Octopus versus Goldmann perimetry in previous studies.
Area of visual field was calculated automatically on Octopus perimetry for each target (isopter) and the result provided as degrees.
