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An already existing type of field margin AES with additional management is the botanical field margin.
For comparison, willow field margin was included into the study.
Management influenced carabids only in the field margin.
There was barely enough wind to stir the thistledown and willowherb seeds around the field margin.
Our analysis confirmed the overriding role of the distance to field margin on weeds.
Both field margin types were adjacent to intensively managed grass or cereal fields.
This has likely been driven by a decline in intensity of field margin management.
Determinants of their willingness to participate in field margin measures were analysed by binary logistic regression.
The mats (n = 15/site) were placed before, within and after the field margin.
Total species richness (gamma diversity) was stable over time while mean species richness per field margin (alpha diversity) increased.
This modeling approach was developed on Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) field margin strips, a typical "honeybee-friendly" floral scheme.
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