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In experimental field plots of Nicotiana alata and Nicotiana forgetiana, pollinator fidelity decreased significantly in the presence of F1 hybrids, increasing gene flow between the two progenitor species (Ippolito et al., 2004).
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As the noise increases, sensitivity, specificity, and fidelity decrease.
> -wrap-foot> These observations suggest that viral populations may fine tune their mutation rates during their infection cycles by generating mixed populations of fidelity variants, so as to increase adaptability (fidelity decrease) while maintaining genetic integrity (fidelity increase).
Steady-state kinetic parameters revealed that PrimPol fidelity is decreased ∼1.7-fold by Mn2+ when copying template dG, as indicated by an increase in the misinsertion frequency relative to Mg2+ (Table 4).
Similarly, fission yeast cells that are grown slowly in low glucose medium show increased lifespan during quiescence [ 6], which also could be explained by the increased translation fidelity through decreased TORC1 activity.
If genome size of RNA viruses is limited by a tradeoff between RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) fidelity and decreased replication rates, then examples of enlargement in genome size should be scarce for RNA viruses.
Enhanced inhibitory tone in auditory thalamic neurons may then serve to increase signal fidelity by decreasing "jitter" or noise level through hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential [34].
This fidelity measure decreases with increasing rates of random error in primary sequence and in tertiary structure, and for near atomic resolution structures its value saturates at a maximum of ∼70% (Fig. 7B).
These studies with mutant 3D of FMDV and PV indicate that picornaviruses have at least two mechanisms to render the virus less sensitive to ribavirin: (i) a general increase of fidelity that decreases incorporation of incorrect nucleotides, and (ii) a change that specifically decreases the incorporation of RTP (reviewed in [79]).
Consequently, we obtained a mutant that provides higher product yields than the conventional Taq pol without decreased fidelity.
Improperly functioning MMR machinery has been frequently implicated in the decreased fidelity or reduced proofreading efficiency in the replication apparatus as related to MSI [ 42, 43].
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