To avert yielding of the reinforcement, the smart fictitious material model for steel is used for this purpose.
The geometry of the flow channels is described by a material distribution approach by varying the porosity of a fictitious material.
KIENDL, et al [38], proposed a bending strip method in which strips of fictitious material with unidirectional bending stiffness and zero membrane stiffness are added at patch interfaces to maintain the angle constraint.
A modified shakedown kinematic theorem using a fictitious material that can yield in bulk tension and compression has been constructed for subsequent treatment of real engineering materials, which cannot yield but fail under high hydrostatic stresses.
Especially, a fictitious material is proposed for modeling the construction deficiency of cavity arisen from over-breaking of surrounding rocks without in-time backfilling, assumed as lightweight and always elastic without cracking, linked with primary lining and surrounding rocks using elastic spring.
The method adopts a shadowing effect correction factor and fictitious moderator material to model a realistic pointwise energy solution.
The objective function is defined in terms of the member lengths, and it can be regarded as the total strain energy corresponding to fictitious elastic material properties.
In the finite element model, an analogous model of fillet welds is implemented by assigning a fictitious thickness and material behavior of the weld metal shell elements at the location of weld joints.
"I kept coming back to the same thought: If this is completely inauthentic, if Kahlo or somebody close to her had no hand in this, then who would make such a compelling fictitious archive?" "Would this material be interesting if it wasn't Frida Kahlo?" she added.
Set during the Civil War, the musical follows Dolly Bloomer, a character based on Amelia Bloomer, an early feminist and publisher of abolitionist material, and her fictitious niece, whose father is a prominent manufacturer of hoop skirts.
