The fibrous nano-architecture mimics the native extracellular matrix fibres diameter and morphology was proven to be suitable to support endothelialization of the lumen of the tube.
The corroded surface was dominated by long rhenium fibres (diameter ∼400 nm), although shorter, and sometimes more rectangular wires were also observed in some sections.
The fifth sphincter (sph5), however, consists of up to eight thin, serially aligned, muscle fibres (diameter 1.2 1.5 μm, n = 3, r = 2, m = 5).
With every contraction of a dynamic cycle, the muscle fibres' diameter increases, leading to higher fibre propagation velocities (in a part of a cycle) (Arendt-Nielsen et al. 1992).
Moreover, recent investigations show a correlation between the cancellous bone deterioration and the loss of muscle mass with a change of fibres diameter size, referred to as sarcopenia [ 47, 48].
In the posterior part of the body the longitudinal muscle fibres are embraced by the sixth, last sphincter, which consists of two short circular fibres (diameter 1.35 2.1 μm, n = 3, r = 4, m = 3) and constricts the digestive tract to 6.4 6.6 μm when relaxed (n = 3, r = 4, m = 4, Fig. 2c).
