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Importantly, the infusion of ephrin Fc chimeras to activate Eph receptors recapitulated the spine pruning effects induced by climbing fibre activity and partially reversed the effects of tetrodotoxin, thus limiting the intrinsic propensity of Purkinje cell to form spines on the proximal dendritic domain (Fig. 6D).
These results demonstrate that Eph receptor activation by ephrins can partially restore spine pruning in the Purkinje cell proximal dendritic domains of tetrodotoxin-treated cerebella in the absence of climbing fibre activity, suggesting that ephrin/Eph signalling contributes to the spine inhibitory effect mediated by active climbing fibres.
These results suggest that Eph receptor signalling mediates the repression of spine proliferation induced by climbing fibre activity in Purkinje cell proximal dendrites.
Therefore, in the presence of EphA4/Fc the parallel fibres invaded the proximal dendritic domain showing a competitive advantage over climbing fibres, as they do after chemical or surgical inhibition of climbing fibre activity [19].
Large fibre activity inhibits pain whereas small fibre activity enhances pain.
Intraperitoneal hollow fibre activity was also found to be a better predictor of xenograft activity than either subcutaneous hollow fibre activity or intraperitoneal plus subcutaneous activity combined.
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We also measured 'wind-up', which is calculated as the total number of action potentials evoked by C-fibre activity, minus the input.
Such enhanced C-fibre activity during sustained stimulation could feed the spinal cord with a barrage of impulses that drives central sensitisation, and thus mediates exaggerated pain sensations (Raja et al., 1988; Wu et al., 2001).
One was the 'input', which is calculated as the number of action potentials evoked by the first stimulus (due to incoming C-fibre activity) in the train of electrical stimuli response multiplied by 16.
Systemic administration of LCM reduced the overall neuronal response evoked by Aβ- and C-fibre activity in the MIA group; all other measures of neuronal excitability and total neuronal response attributed to Aδ-fibres were resistant to LCM's inhibitory effects.
The postnatal maturation of dorsal horn glycinergic circuits is dependent upon C-fibre activity in the first weeks of life (Koch et al., 2012) and this may explain the vulnerability of glycinergic neurons to alterations in nociceptive input during a critical developmental period (Koch & Fitzgerald, 2013).
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