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When light is reflected by a diffusing sample, a speckle pattern is formed at the fiber plane.
The mean intensity of each orthogonal mode will depend on the speckle pattern's coherence area A c at the fiber plane and on the mode's profile.
With this approximation, imaging becomes partially coherent and the highly MM fiber can be approximated as a circular detector of diameter d sensitive to the intensity of the field at the fiber plane.
ν p is given by (4) ν p = k d 2 sin, where d is the diameter of the DCF's inner cladding and β is the reciprocal half-angle at the fiber plane.
Illumination amplitude, Eill(r f), from the SM core is function of the radial coordinate r f (at the fiber plane) and may be approximated by a Gaussian profile [ 16] (6) E ill (r f ) = a ill N f exp [ − (2 r f MFD ) 2 ], where aill is the complex amplitude of the fundamental mode.
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The timing resolution for 1 plane of SciFis is 0.40±0.05ns, and for 2 fiber planes in coincidence, it is 0.27±0.03ns.
Results from the first K2K runs confirm good initial performance: position resolution is estimated to be about 0.8 mm, and track finding efficiency is 98±2% for long tracks (i.e., those which intersect more than 5 fiber planes).
We employ a novel focused ion beam (FIB) notch technique to obtain pristine interior fiber planes and measure morphology and transverse stiffness across these surfaces via multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) maps.
The composite samples were struck perpendicular to the fibers plane by aluminum 6061-T6 impattors at velocities ranging from 60 to 280 m/s.
Collagen was segmented on each cross-fiber plane, with collagen surrounding vessels or on heart surfaces removed from consideration.
A cross-fiber plane was used to analyze structural detail in a consistent orientation relative to the fiber axis.
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