These were pretreated by either controlled pH liquid hot water (LHW) or ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.
We consider three alternative Biomass Processing and Densification Depot (BPDD) technologies; namely, conventional pellet processing, high moisture pellet processing, and ammonia fiber expansion.
To effectively improve enzymatic digestibility of carbohydrate in lignocellulosic biomass, hydrogen peroxide presoaking prior to ammonia fiber expansion (H-AFEX) was applied as pretreatment to corn stalk.
This study is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of NW as feedstock for the fermentable sugars production by testing two different physicochemical pretreatment methods, ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and extractive ammonia fiber expansion (EA).
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In this study, two different physicochemical methods ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and extractive ammonia (EA) were tested for the pretraetment of NW.
In wet-milling processes, feedstocks are combined with water and broken down into simpler parts using chemical processes, such as acid hydrolysis, fiber expansion, or alkaline wet oxidation.
Other chemical and physical methods such as ozonolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative delignification, solvent extraction, supercritical fluids, autohydrolysis, steam explosion and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) are also effective pretreatments (Girio et al. 2010).
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This adaptation to extremes in operating conditions suggests the potential for discovering robust lignocellulolytic enzymes that will also tolerate harsh pretreatment approaches under industry-relevant production standards (e.g. dilute acid, ionic liquid, ammonia fiber expansion).
