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In addition, a study by the United Nations and the Soros Foundation found that between111 percent and 18 percent of intravenous drug users in Bishkek are infected with H.I.V. and between 32percentand49percentcent in Osh, where there are fewer education programs.
More generally for LMICs, higher poverty rates, greater difficulty in starting businesses, poorer information technology and transportation infrastructure, fewer education opportunities, and lower unionization rates may play a role in creating greater market imperfections.
Few studies have attempted to measure monopsony power in lower- and middle-income countries, where it can be argued that monopsony conditions are more prevalent due to higher poverty rates, greater difficulty in starting businesses, poorer information technology and transportation infrastructure, fewer education opportunities, and lower unionization rates.
Setting the analysis in a middle-income economy (MIC) is a major contribution to the study of monopsony, as higher poverty rates, less developed transportation infrastructure, fewer education opportunities, and lower unionization rates may play a role in creating market frictions that hinder job mobility.
Similarly, there were more women who improved in the 11 years or fewer education group compared to more than 12 years and the meaning of this finding might also be clearer in a larger sample.
Participants with cardiovascular disease and COPD attended fewer exercise sessions (mean difference -3.5, 95% CI -1.9 to -5.0) and fewer education sessions (mean difference -1.2, 95% CI -0.2 to -2.2) than participants with risk factors only.
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Urban counties had fewer education-related businesses, positive food establishments, recreation-related resources and subsidized housing units per person compared with more rural counties.
The 529's are one of the few education tax breaks available to high-income taxpayers.
We have introduced a few education and awareness programmes but it is still far too early to call victory.
Few education officials and advocates were surprised New York did not win the grant; in fact, many were surprised it was a finalist.
Plus, he said, class size reduction "is one of the few education reforms that I think we know what to do about".
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