Tumorigenesis, turpentine-induced fever and defence against bacterial infection are all dependent on IL-1β but not IL-1α (Horai et al., 1998; Krelin et al., 2007; Miller et al., 2007).
Other symptoms are: fever, absence of peristalsis, and defence muscularis.
At the time, she writes, she willed herself to "get over it"; it wasn't until "10 years later that it came hurtling up through layers of defences in a blazing fever".
At the systemic level, the inflammatory response induces fever, an increased number of leucocytes recruited for defence, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines driving the microbicidal activity of phagocytic cells [10].
In a mouse model of Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia, fever tended to worsen survival despite enhanced innate host defence and successful elimination of pathogens.
An Afghanistan war veteran who contracted Q fever has won a landmark compensation claim against the Ministry of Defence that could pave the way for payouts to others.
Borrelia recurrentis, the etiologic agent of louse-borne relapsing fever in humans, has evolved strategies, including antigenic variation, to evade immune defence, thereby causing severe diseases with high mortality rates.
The list of arguments is long, reaching fever pitch over the Falklands, the invasion of Grenada, and Reagan's pet, the Strategic Defence Initiative (his plan for a space-based missile defence system).
IL-1β is a key inflammatory cytokine important in host defence that mediates a diverse range of effects, including T-cell polarization, antibody production, fever and endothelial and phagocyte activation (O'Neill, 2008; Dinarello, 2009).
A general fever is not considered in itself an illness, but is actually a body's self-defence mechanism.
