Fertilization benefit decreased with worsening stem quality (Fig. 4).
The effect of stem quality on fertilization benefit was analyzed in sub-xeric pine and mesic spruce stands.
In addition, the results suggested that fertilization benefit is by far higher in spruce stands on mesic sites (MT site) than in pine stands and more fertile spruce stands.
The following four cases were compared when the effect of stem quality on fertilization benefit was analyzed: Q1: No quality deductions Q2: Normal quality as described above Q3: Saw log volume was reduced by 50% compared to Q2 Q2.
By having a larger penis, own sperm may be put in a better position relative to rival sperm, offering a fertilization benefit in sperm competition or cryptic female choice (Eberhard 1985).
Thus, AM fungi can serve as surrogates for fertilization, providing similar benefits at the root and fruit levels.
However, knowing the overall costs and benefits of fertilization does not reveal the optimal timing of fertilization or the optimal management of fertilized stands.
However, there's evidence that we're approaching the point where negative climate-related impacts on plant life offset the benefits from fertilization, and there will be more heat-related deaths in a warmer world.
The ashes bestow some fertilization, but the foremost benefit of this procedure is that the plot will be relatively weed free at first.
Improving stem quality increased the economic benefit of fertilization.
