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Exact(7)
In fact it is possible, using for instance an animal model, to verify if the spermatozoa completed their maturation process, testing the ability of spermatozoa to complete the capacitation and, subsequently, to undergo AR by in in vitro fertilization assay or by in vivo fertilization trials: only the spermatozoa that successfully fertilize an oocyte can be considered fully competent.
We identify opportunities to improve the fertilization assay that will allow robust critical and comparative analysis between species and their sensitivities to trace metals during external fertilization, and enable data to be more readily extrapolated to field conditions.
We conclude that the concept of metal toxicity should be approached in a more holistic manner that involves elucidating toxicity mechanisms, improving the understanding of metal behavior and speciation on bioavailability and toxicity, and standardizing the fertilization assay methods among different groups of organisms.
We then performed a fertilization assay.
In addition, in vitro fertilization assay of Plasmodium berghei (mouse malaria parasite) knock-in lines expressing partly truncated GCS1 showed similar results.
Since the in vitro fertilization assay has been established in rodent malaria parasites [17], we used it to assess the male fertility of each KI parasite, based on the appearance of ookinates, zygotic cells resulting from successful gamete fusion.
Similar(53)
Spermatozoa released naturally from the sperm mass were motile, and were used for in vitro fertilization assays.
This was resolved by utilizing the pb28 3′ UTR controlled TIR1 for post-gamete fertilization assays, including motility, microneme secretion, and infectivity of ookinetes and liver stage development of sporozoites.
Using a split-clutch in vitro fertilization technique and dietary carotenoid manipulation, we demonstrate that in non-competitive fertilization assays, male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that are fed higher (but biologically relevant) levels of carotenoids had a significantly increased fertilization success, irrespective of maternal carotenoid intake.
Similar results were obtained in in vivo cross-fertilization assays using the wt_ctrp pgreen ssu and wt_cht pred 230p lines.
Similarly, for in vivo cross-fertilization assays, A. gambiae mosquitoes (N'gousso strain) were allowed to feed directly on the co-infected mice with a parasitaemia 5 6%.
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