Reproduction, fertility, and development 21, 10 14 (2009).
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, 377 392 (2009).
Because male flowers reward biotic pollinators with both pollen and nectar, while females only produce nectar, some biotic pollinators might discriminate against female flowers, resulting in reduced female fertility and favoring the evolution of wind pollination or pollination by less-discriminating pollinators [ 44, 45].
The "phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis" states that female preference for male ornaments or displays has been selected to ensure higher levels of fertility and has driven the evolution of exaggerated male traits.
Human embryos link histories of pregnancy, fertility and abortion with those of anatomy, anthropology and evolution.
These hybrids show various degree of residual fertility and it is possible that their evolution involved episodes of sexual reproduction as suggested by the backcross hypothesis [55].
A key assumption underlying the theory of evolution holds that fertility and survival schedules are fixed − a questionable premise for most species in the wild that have evolved alternate physiological modes for coping with fluctuating environmental conditions including dauer states (C. elegans), stationary phase (yeast), diapause (certain insects) and hibernation.
Our analysis shows that old-age male fertility allows evolution to breach Hamilton's wall of death and predicts a gradual rise in mortality after the age of female menopause without relying on "grandmother" effects or economic optimality.
We believed that the identification of species-specific Y-genes in individual species will increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying gene acquisition and evolution, and offer insights into the genes central to regulation of male fertility and spermatogenesis.
Hence, the model takes as exogenously given inputs the evolution of vital rates (fertility and mortality) and human capital investments, ignoring their feedback effects.
