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For each implant, the tibial and femoral cutting errors and the number of re-cuts were recorded.
The surgical technique uses custom-made tibial and femoral cutting guides machined to the topography of the patient's knee to position the femoral and tibial components in all six degrees of freedom.
Open image in new window Fig. 1 Anatomical references for femoral and tibial cuts: a femoral cutting guide b different lengths of intramedullary rods used with tibial cutting guide.
This angle is equivalent to the valgus angle set on the distal femoral cutting guide, thus achieving a distal femoral cut perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femur.
The femoral cutting block was then positioned for the posterior femoral and oblique resections.
To measure the accuracy of using FCLs as the references, angles between FCLs and FAA were measured, because FAA is perpendicular to the ideal femoral cutting plane.
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For a femoral cut, a cutting guide as shown in Fig. 1a uses the outer cortical surface (medial or lateral) as a reference to determine the alignment of femoral anatomical axis (FAA), and hence the ideal cutting plane.
FA, i.e. the angle between the femoral mechanical axis and femoral shaft axis, is important for the accurate insertion of a distal femoral intramedullary cutting guide for placement of the femoral component perpendicular to the mechanical axis.
Middle row: d, e and f showing top views of the medial and lateral menisci with their tibial insertion sites after removal of the femoral condyles and cutting the cruciate ligaments.
To determine femoral component rotation, a cutting jig with 3° external rotation was used to simulate a 3° external rotation bone cut referenced from the posterior condyles (Fig. 2).
As the first group of sailors was entering the darkened lighthouse, Naval Cadet William H. Boardman was mortally wounded when his revolver fell from a faulty holster and discharged into his thigh, cutting the femoral artery.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com