The variant GRAIN assumes a 30% increase in crop-based feeds in feedstuff composition, whereas ROUGH reduces crop-based feed in feedstuff composition by 50% in all regions.
(c) Variants of livestock feedstuff composition based on feed-conversion ratios (kg input (dm) per kg output (dm)).
Low yields imply that a high number of scenarios are constrained by the availability of cropland, which hold true particularly for the ORGANIC yield variant. Grazing constraints depend on the origin of livestock products in human diets and the feedstuff composition.
Regional estimates of feedstuff composition and feeding-conversion ratios are based on linear extrapolations of the trajectories between 1995 and 2030 provided by Bouwman et al.66 The data refer to two feed categories, crop-based feed (for example, cereals and oil cake) and roughage (straw and grass).
In experiment 2 same experimental design, diet composition and feedstuffs were used as in the first study.
(a) Total number of unfeasible scenarios, broken down into (b) human diets (note that no constraints relate to the VEGAN variant), (c) mix of livestock products in human diets, (d) cropland expansion, (e) cropland yields and (f) composition of feedstuff.
Another 11 diets, one for each ingredient (soybean meal, toasted full-fat soybean, soybean hulls, two types of sunflower meal (280 and 360 g/kg CP), peas, alfalfa meal, wheat, wheat shorts, maize, and corn gluten feed), were formulated in order to get the maximal proportion of the protein from the tested feedstuffs studied maintaining the chemical composition and dietary nitrogen endogenous flow.
Nutrient composition of the feedstuffs provided to the foals and mares during experimental period (expressed in %).
The objective of this descriptive study was to measure the amount of variability in the composition of 12 by-product feedstuffs commonly used in rations for lactating dairy cows in California.
A study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics of chopped sugarbeets with dry feedstuffs and the corresponding change in the nutritive composition of the silages with the addition of dry substrates.
