Suggestions(2)
Exact(4)
This impact is also negative for all the feedstocks, ranging from –79.8 μg R11 eq./L for poplar to –32 μg for miscanthus.
Thus considerable research has been directed at achieving high yields of biodiesel in short reaction times, for various feedstocks ranging from virgin vegetable oils to low-quality acid oils with high free fatty acid content.
Conversion technologies for a variety of feedstocks, ranging from spruce slurries, wheat straw, rice straw, and sweet sorghum stalks to bamboo, palm oil, empty fruit bunch (EFB), and grape pomace are discussed.
Despite the complexities associated with the rational engineering of central metabolism to improve EFE substrate availability (i.e., central metabolism is highly interconnected) the necessary substrates for production of bioethylene using EFE, namely AKG and arginine, can, depending on the host organism, originate from a diverse set of renewable feedstocks ranging from biomass to CO2 and sunlight.
Similar(56)
Energy recovery, estimated as the ratio of the heat of combustion of the gas to that of the dry-ash-free feedstock, ranged from 14.7% to 30.92%.
Titanium dioxide (titania) feedstocks with sizes ranging from 10 μm to 45 μm were sprayed onto the mild steel substrates with different plasma spraying parameters.
This study formulates a model to maximize the profit of a lignocellulosic biofuel supply chain ranging from feedstock suppliers to biofuel customers.
Start-up cellulosic biofuel industries are afflicted with problems ranging from feedstock availability to high production costs to scalability.
As the production of biofuel continues to grow, more by-products (ranging from upstream, discarded feedstock components to downstream, postproduction residues) are generated, which call for more research and engineering efforts for their effective utilization.
Fatty acids are the most abundant form of reduced carbon chains available from nature and have diverse uses ranging from food to industrial feedstocks.
Fumaric acid is an important specialty chemical with wide industrial applications ranging from its use as feedstock for the synthesis of polymeric resins to acidulant in foods and pharmaceuticals.
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