To be prepared for the transformation, the direct way is to reduce the production of diesel fraction and increase the production of LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, or ethylene feedstock in addition to the facility optimization.
This technology provides a potential clean method to produce fuel and feedstock material from bitumen, a relatively "dirty" fuel and feedstock oil, in addition to more energy efficient ways of extracting in situ heavy oils.
First, the structural characteristics of a feedstock must be evaluated in addition to its composition and recalcitrance.
In addition to feedstock price, higher ethanol prices predicted in the present study can be attributed to the differences in feedstocks, pretreatment technology, onsite/off site cellulase enzyme production, SSF/SSCoF/Consolidated bioprocessing, short/medium/mature technology scenarios and solid content of process streams.
In addition to sorghum, feedstock quality was evaluated for cultivars of shrub willow (Salix spp).
Using pelleted corn stover as a biorefinery feedstock has potential to lower pretreatment costs in addition to the improved handling and transportation.
In this study, in addition to comparison between different feedstocks in terms of total gas yield and hydrogen yield per mass unit, the relationship between biomass structure and gas yields was also investigated.
The calorific value of the feedstock was solar upgraded by 35%, thus outperforming autothermal gasification in addition to delivering higher syngas output per unit of feedstock and eliminating the need for upstream air separation.
XMG removal trends were similar between feedstocks whereas glucan conversion trends were significantly different, suggesting that factors in addition to XMG removal impact amenability of glucan to enzymatic attack.
