The importance of switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock has increased interest in the generation of new cultivars optimized for energy production through breeding, biotechnology and management research.
The increased demand for wood fiber, and perceived even greater demand for wood as a bioenergy feedstock [36] has increased harvesting in other regions, resulting in large transportation emissions and extreme greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [2].
The increased demand for wood fiber, and perceived even greater demand for wood as a bioenergy feedstock [ 36] has increased harvesting in other regions, resulting in large transportation emissions and extreme greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [ 2].
The utilization of lignocellulosic feedstocks as substrate in bio-based processes has increased considerably in recent years for a sustainable development of bio-based economy.
Growing demand for energy worldwide has increased interest in the production of renewable fuels, with microalgae representing a promising third generation feedstock.
Use of oleaginous microorganisms as "micro-factories" for accumulation of single cell oils for biofuel production has increased significantly to mitigate growing energy demands, resulting in efforts to upgrade industrial waste, such as second-generation lignocellulosic residues, into potential feedstocks.
However, in recent years, the reaction temperature and cracking degree have increased to a large extent with the feedstocks becoming heavier and inferior.
Thus, the value of alfalfa as a cellulosic feedstock would be enhanced by developing new alfalfa varieties that have increased cellulose and decreased lignin in stem cell walls [ 8, 9].
For Dow Chemical, its feedstock and energy costs, which are up more than 40percentt since last year, have increased fourfold in the last five years, to more than $32 billion this year.
These concerns have increased interest in developing second generation biofuels produced from non-food feedstocks.
