In this review, we will discuss the potential of a third generation of feedstock (focusing on cyanobacteria) as a viable biofuel source for energy production and compare it to first generation biofuel crops.
Verenium, a company based in Cambridge, Mass., that is gearing up to produce cellulosic ethanol from sugarcane bagasse (the fiber left after juice is squeezed out of the cane) and other feedstocks, is focused on policies in the United States in the near term.
For the analysis presented in this study, the ethanol feedstock types are aggregated to E85 from a biomass feedstock to focus on willingness to pay for emission reductions.
While over 50 studies of environmental impacts of ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks have been carried out, more than half have considered only GHG emissions with a large number focusing on two feedstocks – corn stover and switchgrass – largely in the USA [ 10].
Focusing on the feedstocks expected to be used in the short and medium term: the cost of chips derived from pulplogs varied from US$59 to US$120 odt-1, whereas chips derived from forest residues varied from US$38 to US$172 odt-1; the cost of mill waste was US$107 to US$108 odt-1 and straw US$66 to US$153 odt-1.
Clarence P. Cazalot, Jr Clarence P. Cazalot, Jr, Marathon president and CEO, said that the company is focusing on reducing feedstock costs and increasing efficiency by expanding coking capacity.
This technology is described focusing on the characterization of feedstock, reactor design, products formation and upgrading.
Therefore, studies are focusing on additives that improve the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock.
But one of the key problems for biogas in Goteborg is that Volvo, the carmaker, dropped its interest in biogas two years ago and began focusing on producing cars powered by ethanol, a fuel that uses feedstock from cereal crops.
There have been extensive literature reviews on this type of pretreatment over the last decade, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the AFEX process used for different feedstocks (Sun and Cheng2002, Mosier2005).
