This inherent complexity and heterogeneity of lignin, both in structure and composition, make it extremely difficult to develop a conversion technology that can efficiently process a wide range of sustainable feedstocks cost-effectively.
The total system cost and the delivered feedstock cost were calculated under demand and supply uncertainties.
Changing the feedstock cost from $0.08/kg to $0.10/kg increased the MESP from $0.65/L to $0.71/L.
The model uses the delivered feedstock cost, energy consumption, and GHG emissions as system performance criteria.
The future development of catalytic olefin technologies would be strongly affected by the market forces and feedstock cost competition.
We model biofuel competition under different feedstock cost development scenarios, assessing what costs and cost developments can be expected for energy crops in Germany and how these feedstock cost developments affect the competitiveness between biofuels.
However, it could range from $0.40 to $1.71 L−1 given variations in plant capacity, feedstock cost, and co-product credits.
MSP is highly sensitive to camelina feedstock cost and co-product credits, with little sensitivity to capital cost, discount rate, plant capacity, and hydrogen cost.
Converting crop lands reduced GHG emissions and soil erosion but caused higher feedstock cost primarily due to the higher opportunity cost of land use.
Decentralized biomass processing facilities, known as biomass depots, may be necessary to achieve feedstock cost, quantity, and quality required to grow the future U.S. bioeconomy.
The chemical process industry aims particularly at energy, capital expenditure and variable feedstock cost savings due to fierce global competition, the Kyoto Protocol and requirements for sustainable development.
